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Yankee Doodle Dandy
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YDC Goes to Town with an American Classic
Dr. Audra Himes
yourDictionary.com
t seems like the most nonsensical verse: "Yankee Doodle went to town / A-ridin' on his pony / Stuck a feather in his cap / And called it macaroni." Why would anyone do that? Why would anyone sing anything that silly? The answer has to do with coonskin caps, European finery, and the vicissitudes of fashion.
During the 18th century, the American colonies were a rough-and-ready, deeply rural, isolated land. In 1776, a printer in London published a map entitled "Theatre of War in North America" with a population table of the British Colonies reportedly printed in 1765 in New Jersey. It gives the number of "Men (White and Black) able to bear Arms" (600,000) and "Number of Inhabitants" (2,400,000). That small populace was scattered from "Canada and Labrador" in the north to "Georgia, with the two Floridas (East and West)" in the south. The British holdings in North America were further divided east from west by the Appalachian Mountain range, extending from New York to Georgia.
In most of the Colonial Period and Early Republic, leisure time was scarce. Families granted Pioneer Deeds had to make the land habitable and sustain life. Only a small percentage of the entire population had reading skills, and schools were almost nonexistent. News traveled slowly with only ten newspapers during most of the Colonial periodnd not all of those operational at the same time.
A life spent close to the land and Native American raids on settlers didn't leave much time for primping.
The European aristocracy of the 18th century, on the other hand, had reached a pinnacle of wealth, and formal dress comprised fully articulated pomp and decadence (facts not lost on the proletariat during the French Revolution in 1789). Continental and British fashion brooked few limits on ornamentationr height. With a Yankee eye for practicality, we find no better example of outrageousness than the towering women's hairstyles built with wool, horsehair and wire frames. In 1775, a British wag wrote, "As these headdresses take such a long time to arrange, it is inevitable to leave them ... as permanent fixtures .... This can lead to the discovery of ... unpleasant creatures ... when the headdresses are eventually undone, so beware...!"
Men's headdress was only slightly less ridiculous. Haberdashery included the high-crowned beaver hat, sticking up a foot or so. In Europe, it replaced the three-cornered tricorne hathe very hat pictured on the Founding Fathers of the United States.
The song "Yankee Doodle Dandy" expresses European perceptions of the colonials. It reflects the supposed backwardness of America, typified by the long life of the three-cornered tricorne (and also by the fact that in 1775, most of Washington's army showed up in its everyday work clothes with men wearing handkerchiefs on their heads).
"Yankee Doodle Dandy" began before the Revolution, though. When the colonial forces supported the British at Niagara during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), the Britslways very natty in their red uniforms (later, red targets)ere amused by the colonials' backwoods appearance and sang about it. "Macaroni," the most bemusing word in "Yankee Doodle Dandy," refers to the fact that Italy and France were centers of European haute couture. The joke was that a colonial Yankee "dandy"ould stick a feather in his tricorne or coonskin cap and think himself as fashionable as any man ?la mode in Paris or Rome.
A British surgeon, Dr. Richard Schuckberg, is credited with writing down "Yankee Doodle Dandy" after the French and Indian War. When the American War of Independence broke out, the song gained popularity with British troops because it derided the provinciality of colonial culture and speech (there are around 190 verses that poke great fun). On their way to Lexington and Concord in 1775, the British supposedly sang this verse:
Yankee Doodle's come to town
For to buy a firelock,
We will tar and feather him
And so will we John Hancock.
The Yankees adopted the song and its observations about them as a point of pride. They might have been a ragtag army, badly uniformed, underequipped, rarely paid, but they beat back the force of an empire. Their exuberance shows in the verse that the original Yankee Doodle Dandies used to round off their song:
Yankee Doodle is the tune
That we all delight in,
It suits for feasts, it suits for fun,
And just as well for fightin'.
The Contemporary Lyrics, Line by Line
Verse 1
Yankee Doodle went to town - Reflects the overwhelmingly rural nature of colonial life, where "going to town" is an event, even if the town is by rights a village.
A-ridin' on a pony - Gallant steeds were not the order of the day in colonial America, as they were for British officers in the Revolutionary Period. A draft horse was more in line with a pioneer's needs, and one animal had to serve many purposes, including exciting trips to town.
Stuck a feather in his cap / And called it macaroni - "Macaroni" refers to Italian and French fashion, which the colonist thought he could approximate by sticking a feather in his outdated or bizarre, by European standards, cap. The line might also deride European support for the Colonies against the British.
Refrain
Yankee Doodle, keep it up - "Keep up the pretense, lads, it's rather funny."
Yankee Doodle Dandy - A "dandy" has always been a British term for a man who spends his income on clothes in order to "appear above his station." "Swell" is a synonym, while "toff," in class-conscious British society, refers to a young man of the upper orders who looks and speaks the part.
Mind the music and the step - Dance was an important part of life in eighteenth-century circles, but American folk dances were a far cry from the graceful minuet and waltz popular in Europe.
And with the girls be handy - Pun intended. During wartime, a popular tactic is to question the chastity of the "little woman back home" or to question the native women's morals, as this line does.
Verse 2
This verse appears in complete versions of the song today, but it's from a British rendition called "The Yankee's Return from Camp." "The Yankee's Return" imitates colonial dialect and vocabulary and, by using the voice of a young boy who's been to see the Continental Army, makes fun of the naivete of the typical American.
Father and I went down to camp - Sets the teller of the tale as a child, calling to mind that the Continental Army relied on entire families, including young boys, to form its ranks, not battle-hardened veterans like the British troops.
Along with Captain Gooding - There were over 14,000 officers in the Continental Army, including militia who took their rank with them. A look at the Revolutionary War pension rolls provides us with the surnames Gooden, Godwin and Gooding. The name "Gooding" might have been put in by Yankees as a general name that connotes the rectitude of those who fought the British.
There we seen the men and boys - "Seen" as the simple past tense of "see," in place of "saw," is substandard English, but not unusual in American dialects.
As thick as hasty pudding - In British English (and in eighteenth-century America), "pudding" commonly means a hot dessert made with pastry, bread or rice and often fruit. Here's a "hasty pudding" or "quick dessert" recipe from 1742, easy to try at home: "Break an egg into fine flour, and with your hand work up as much as you can into as stiff a paste as possible. Add milk boiling, and put in a little salt, some rose water, or orange-flower water, a few drops put to your taste, some butter, and keep stirring all one way till it is thick as you would have it, pour it out and when it is in the dish stick it all over with little bits of butter, and beat cinnamon over."
Verse 3
There was Captain Washington - A hero for all times.
Upon a slapping stallion - Compare Washington's mount to Yankee Doodle Dandy's.
A-givin' orders to his men - "A'ridin'" in the refrain and "a-givin'" here are part of the Scottish-Irish dialect. "A-" in the English of Scotland and Ireland is a leftover particle from verb formation in Gaelic languages.
I guess there was a million - "Was" misused as a past tense of "to be" is, like "seen" for "saw," substandard English, but not uncommon in American dialects.
Yankee Doodle Dandy
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
YDC Goes to Town with an American Classic
Dr. Audra Himes
yourDictionary.com
t seems like the most nonsensical verse: "Yankee Doodle went to town / A-ridin' on his pony / Stuck a feather in his cap / And called it macaroni." Why would anyone do that? Why would anyone sing anything that silly? The answer has to do with coonskin caps, European finery, and the vicissitudes of fashion.
During the 18th century, the American colonies were a rough-and-ready, deeply rural, isolated land. In 1776, a printer in London published a map entitled "Theatre of War in North America" with a population table of the British Colonies reportedly printed in 1765 in New Jersey. It gives the number of "Men (White and Black) able to bear Arms" (600,000) and "Number of Inhabitants" (2,400,000). That small populace was scattered from "Canada and Labrador" in the north to "Georgia, with the two Floridas (East and West)" in the south. The British holdings in North America were further divided east from west by the Appalachian Mountain range, extending from New York to Georgia.
In most of the Colonial Period and Early Republic, leisure time was scarce. Families granted Pioneer Deeds had to make the land habitable and sustain life. Only a small percentage of the entire population had reading skills, and schools were almost nonexistent. News traveled slowly with only ten newspapers during most of the Colonial periodnd not all of those operational at the same time.
A life spent close to the land and Native American raids on settlers didn't leave much time for primping.
The European aristocracy of the 18th century, on the other hand, had reached a pinnacle of wealth, and formal dress comprised fully articulated pomp and decadence (facts not lost on the proletariat during the French Revolution in 1789). Continental and British fashion brooked few limits on ornamentationr height. With a Yankee eye for practicality, we find no better example of outrageousness than the towering women's hairstyles built with wool, horsehair and wire frames. In 1775, a British wag wrote, "As these headdresses take such a long time to arrange, it is inevitable to leave them ... as permanent fixtures .... This can lead to the discovery of ... unpleasant creatures ... when the headdresses are eventually undone, so beware...!"
Men's headdress was only slightly less ridiculous. Haberdashery included the high-crowned beaver hat, sticking up a foot or so. In Europe, it replaced the three-cornered tricorne hathe very hat pictured on the Founding Fathers of the United States.
The song "Yankee Doodle Dandy" expresses European perceptions of the colonials. It reflects the supposed backwardness of America, typified by the long life of the three-cornered tricorne (and also by the fact that in 1775, most of Washington's army showed up in its everyday work clothes with men wearing handkerchiefs on their heads).
"Yankee Doodle Dandy" began before the Revolution, though. When the colonial forces supported the British at Niagara during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), the Britslways very natty in their red uniforms (later, red targets)ere amused by the colonials' backwoods appearance and sang about it. "Macaroni," the most bemusing word in "Yankee Doodle Dandy," refers to the fact that Italy and France were centers of European haute couture. The joke was that a colonial Yankee "dandy"ould stick a feather in his tricorne or coonskin cap and think himself as fashionable as any man ?la mode in Paris or Rome.
A British surgeon, Dr. Richard Schuckberg, is credited with writing down "Yankee Doodle Dandy" after the French and Indian War. When the American War of Independence broke out, the song gained popularity with British troops because it derided the provinciality of colonial culture and speech (there are around 190 verses that poke great fun). On their way to Lexington and Concord in 1775, the British supposedly sang this verse:
Yankee Doodle's come to town
For to buy a firelock,
We will tar and feather him
And so will we John Hancock.
The Yankees adopted the song and its observations about them as a point of pride. They might have been a ragtag army, badly uniformed, underequipped, rarely paid, but they beat back the force of an empire. Their exuberance shows in the verse that the original Yankee Doodle Dandies used to round off their song:
Yankee Doodle is the tune
That we all delight in,
It suits for feasts, it suits for fun,
And just as well for fightin'.
The Contemporary Lyrics, Line by Line
Verse 1
Yankee Doodle went to town - Reflects the overwhelmingly rural nature of colonial life, where "going to town" is an event, even if the town is by rights a village.
A-ridin' on a pony - Gallant steeds were not the order of the day in colonial America, as they were for British officers in the Revolutionary Period. A draft horse was more in line with a pioneer's needs, and one animal had to serve many purposes, including exciting trips to town.
Stuck a feather in his cap / And called it macaroni - "Macaroni" refers to Italian and French fashion, which the colonist thought he could approximate by sticking a feather in his outdated or bizarre, by European standards, cap. The line might also deride European support for the Colonies against the British.
Refrain
Yankee Doodle, keep it up - "Keep up the pretense, lads, it's rather funny."
Yankee Doodle Dandy - A "dandy" has always been a British term for a man who spends his income on clothes in order to "appear above his station." "Swell" is a synonym, while "toff," in class-conscious British society, refers to a young man of the upper orders who looks and speaks the part.
Mind the music and the step - Dance was an important part of life in eighteenth-century circles, but American folk dances were a far cry from the graceful minuet and waltz popular in Europe.
And with the girls be handy - Pun intended. During wartime, a popular tactic is to question the chastity of the "little woman back home" or to question the native women's morals, as this line does.
Verse 2
This verse appears in complete versions of the song today, but it's from a British rendition called "The Yankee's Return from Camp." "The Yankee's Return" imitates colonial dialect and vocabulary and, by using the voice of a young boy who's been to see the Continental Army, makes fun of the naivete of the typical American.
Father and I went down to camp - Sets the teller of the tale as a child, calling to mind that the Continental Army relied on entire families, including young boys, to form its ranks, not battle-hardened veterans like the British troops.
Along with Captain Gooding - There were over 14,000 officers in the Continental Army, including militia who took their rank with them. A look at the Revolutionary War pension rolls provides us with the surnames Gooden, Godwin and Gooding. The name "Gooding" might have been put in by Yankees as a general name that connotes the rectitude of those who fought the British.
There we seen the men and boys - "Seen" as the simple past tense of "see," in place of "saw," is substandard English, but not unusual in American dialects.
As thick as hasty pudding - In British English (and in eighteenth-century America), "pudding" commonly means a hot dessert made with pastry, bread or rice and often fruit. Here's a "hasty pudding" or "quick dessert" recipe from 1742, easy to try at home: "Break an egg into fine flour, and with your hand work up as much as you can into as stiff a paste as possible. Add milk boiling, and put in a little salt, some rose water, or orange-flower water, a few drops put to your taste, some butter, and keep stirring all one way till it is thick as you would have it, pour it out and when it is in the dish stick it all over with little bits of butter, and beat cinnamon over."
Verse 3
There was Captain Washington - A hero for all times.
Upon a slapping stallion - Compare Washington's mount to Yankee Doodle Dandy's.
A-givin' orders to his men - "A'ridin'" in the refrain and "a-givin'" here are part of the Scottish-Irish dialect. "A-" in the English of Scotland and Ireland is a leftover particle from verb formation in Gaelic languages.
I guess there was a million - "Was" misused as a past tense of "to be" is, like "seen" for "saw," substandard English, but not uncommon in American dialects.
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